Pendahuluan
Pengembangan kemampuan staf medik sebagai clinical teacher merupakan salah satu area penting dalam pengembangan staf selain area pengembangan kemampuan penelitian dan evidence based practice dan pengembangan kepakaran dan keahlian sesuai bidang ilmu. Staf medik sebagai clinical teacher akan sangat berperan dalam menjadi panutan bagi para mahasiswa kedokteran dan residen selain menjadi narasumber dalam transfer pengetahuan dan keterampilan. Clinical teacher juga berperan sebagai mentor dalam memfasilitasi pengembangan kemampuan profesionalisme mahasiswa dan residen dan sebagai supervisor yang membimbing dan mengarahkan mahasiswa dan residen dalam melatihkan kompetensi dalam situasi klinik yang sebenarnya dengan tetap menjaga keselamatan pasien (Bowen, 2006).
Pentingnya pengajaran dan supervisi sistematis terhadap seluruh bentuk pendidikan yang terjadi pada rumah sakit pendidikan kian menjadi perhatian. Hal ini terungkap jelas dalam kriteria dari salah satu badan akreditasi internasional untuk rumah sakit, Joint Commission International (JCI). Dalam JCI Accreditation for Hospitals tahun 2012 tercakup standar untuk Academic Medical Center Hospitals atau Rumah Sakit Pendidikan yang dikenal dengan istilah Medical Professional Education (MPE) Standards. Standar tersebut terdiri dari 7 poin utama yang menekankan peran rumah sakit dalam penyelenggaraan pendidikan. Ketujuh standar ini mengikat berbagai pihak, termasuk di dalamnya pihak pimpinan dan manajemen RS, dosen klinik, mahasiswa dan residen (JCI Accreditation for Hospitals, 2013).
Oleh karena itu, staf medis sebagai clinical teacher perlu memiliki kemampuan khusus untuk memanfaatkan kasus klinik yang tersedia untuk pembelajaran mahasiswa atau residen seoptimal mungkin dengan tetap memerhatikan kenyamanan dan keselamatan pasien. Kemampuan khusus ini perlu ditunjang dengan pengetahuan dan keterampilan mengajar di setting klinik, mengenali karakteristik peserta didik, memberikan dukungan, menjadi panutan, memberikan umpan balik, memanfaatkan ‘teaching moments’ saat berada di berbagai setting pelayanan klinik, melakukan supervisi, observasi, asesmen terhadap pengetahuan, keterampilan dan perilaku mahasiswa dan residen di situasi praktik klinik yang sebenarnya.
Tujuan
Pada akhir pelatihan, peserta diharapkan mampu:
1. Mendeskripsikan konsep pengajaran pada tahap klinik dan penerapannya dalam program pendidikan dokter dan dokter spesialis .
2. Menjelaskan konsep clinical reasoning dan perannya dalam pembelajaran klinik.
3. Mendeskripsikan dan menerapkan teknik microskills.
4. Menerapkan cara pemberian umpan balik yang konstruktif.
5. Mendeskripsikan konsep dan tata cara pelaksanaan bedside teaching.
6. Mempraktekkan cara pengajaran keterampilan klinik atau keterampilan prosedural.
7. Menjelaskan prinsip asesmen di praktik klinik.
8. Menerapkan prinsip asesmen dalam penggunaan instrumen evaluasi workplace-based assessment (Mini-CEX, logbook, portfolio, dan 360° assessment).
9. Menjelaskan prinsip refleksi diri dan mampu menyusun refleksi diri sebagai clinical teacher.
Lingkup Bahasan
1. Deskripsi tentang pelatihan clinical teacher.
2. Prinsip pembelajaran praktik klinik (principles of clinical teaching).
3. Prinsip penalaran klinik (clinical reasoning).
4. Prinsip refleksi diri sebagai staf pengajar klinik (reflection on current teaching).
5. Microskills teaching.
6. Pemberian umpan balik yang konstruktif (giving constructive feedback).
7. Dinamika Kelompok.
8. Profesionalisme dan prinsip pemberian dukungan terhadap peserta didik bermasalah
9. Humanisme dan kompetensi budaya.
10. Pengajaran di bedside (bedside teaching).
11. Procedural skills tutorial.
12. Prinsip asesmen dan workplace-based assessment.
13. Mini-CEX & 360° assessment.
14. Logbook & Portfolio.
WAKTU DAN TEMPAT PELATIHAN
BATCH 3
Waktu: Senin – Kamis, 14-17 September 2015
Tempat: Ruang Kuliah Departemen Radiologi Fakultas Kedokteran UI Salemba.
BATCH 4
Waktu: Senin – Kamis, 28 September – 1 Oktober 2015
Tempat: Ruang Senat Akademik Fakultas (SAF) Fakultas Kedokteran UI Salemba.
Evaluasi Pelatihan
Pelatihan ini dirancang selama 40 jam. Peserta yang jumlah kehadirannya dalam pelatihan 100%, serta menyelesaikan tugas dalam bimbingan individual, berhak memperoleh sertifikat.
Pendaftaran
Bagi Staf Pengajar Fakultas Kedokteran UI yang ingin mengikuti pelatihan CLINICAL TEACHER FKUI BATCH 3 dan BATCH 4 tahun 2015, dapat melakukan pendaftaran melalui tautan PENDAFTARAN dan mengunduh SURAT PERNYATAAN KESEDIAAN MENJADI PESERTA lalu mengirimkannya melalui email ke sdmfkui@gmail.com.
Periode pendaftaran:
Batch 3 :
tanggal 18 – 31 Agustus 2015 atau setelah kuota peserta sebanyak 40 orang terpenuhi.
Batch 4:
tanggal 1 – 18 September 2015 atau setelah kuota peserta sebanyak 40 orang terpenuhi.
Informasi Pelatihan
Sdri. Dessy (Sekretariat SDM FKUI, Tlp. 08561765753, email: sdmfkui@gmail.com)
ditulis oleh:
Humas FKUI
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This can put them underneath increased pressure, leading to acute
renal damage (18). The second group, which took a better dose of
forty mg, skilled a 33% decrease in HDL whereas elevating LDL ranges by roughly 30%.
Males who received 80 mg of Anavar per day skilled a 50% decline in HDL ranges.
In one examine, men with HIV received 20 mg of Anavar per day for 12 weeks.
Approximately a decade after Anavar came on the
market, there was promise of it being a drugs to efficiently treat excessive cholesterol.
This was as a outcome of docs within the ’70s observing lowered whole levels of cholesterol in Anavar customers (15).
All of this, combined with a lack of aromatization, will cause potential damage to the center.
We have discovered regular cardio exercises to
be helpful in stopping large spikes in blood
pressure. Contemplating this is a bulking cycle,
we are able to assume users shall be consuming high amounts
of calories for optimum positive aspects. Testosterone suppression goes to be extreme, so
our patients usually take three PCT supplements (Nolvadex, Clomid, and hCG)
to convey their testosterone levels back to a traditional range.
We have found methyltrienolone (oral trenbolone) to be exceptionally potent and equally poisonous.
Anavar doesn’t aromatize or increase progesterone, so there is not any extra
risk of gynecomastia. When combined, we discover they trigger a host of unwanted aspect effects, significantly to the heart and liver.
Gynecomastia is feasible because of Anadrol being highly estrogenic and
the progesterone activity current with trenbolone. We have found
that trenbolone also can cause gynecomastia,
albeit not from a rise in estrogen however from progesterone (4).
Testosterone is an injectable steroid, so it doesn’t pose any additional pressure on the liver (3).
Winstrol’s effects are just like Anavar’s, allowing customers to scale back fat mass while including moderate amounts of muscle tissue.
Stacking Deca Durabolin with an androgenic steroid corresponding to Anadrol, testosterone,
or trenbolone can mitigate low NO levels. Our checks point out
that blood strain will improve at a rate that is corresponding to Anavar rather than harsher anabolic compounds.
Despite its optimistic effects on physique composition, trenbolone is doubtless certainly
one of the most precarious steroids we’ve encountered.
If you’ve just lately launched into an Anavar routine or are considering
it, you are doubtless wanting to witness the modifications
in your physique inside a brief timeframe. In addition to
well being considerations, shopping for Anavar through unofficial channels exposes users to
legal penalties. Penalties might embody fines, imprisonment,
or both, relying on the jurisdiction. It is essential to understand the legal guidelines
and laws within the nation where one plans to purchase and use Anavar.
You bulk up to put on muscle mass and then minimize to eliminate the fat and reveal the muscle beneath.
Testosterone, in all its types, is one other compound
that ought to be used cautiously with Anavar, particularly in larger doses.
Whereas it can be included in a chopping stack, maintaining low to reasonable doses of testosterone may be preferrable to reduce potential side effects and make certain that
the cycle remains balanced.
In brief, this is a completely different sort of hormone with a special aspect effect profile.
And side effects are not going to be gender particular for probably the most part, as is the case with steroids.
When stacking HGH with any steroids that aromatize, males ought to take additional care to scale back the danger of gynecomastia creating with the extra pronounced
growth of breast tissue being attributable to HGH.
A dose of 4iu every day of HGH is standard when stacking it with steroids,
though some men might select 6iu. The minimal time frame for HGH use is 16 weeks, however
24 weeks is beneficial for best outcomes.
According to our data, probably the most environment friendly technique for stopping gynecomastia
is to take either an aromatase inhibitor (AI) or a selective estrogen receptor modulator (SERM).
In common, SERMs are more advantageous than AIs since they do
not exacerbate levels of cholesterol and blood strain (3).
Any steroid stacked with Anadrol is going to provide higher
results than taking it alone, along side exacerbated liver enzymes and levels of cholesterol.
Anadrol is not the best steroid for sustaining a
good and small waist, especially when bulking on extra calories.
However, if the objective is to build most muscle mass,
we now have seen it produce optimistic outcomes.
Our patients will typically run a PCT post-Anadrol cycle to speed
up the restoration of endogenous testosterone manufacturing.
The cause for this could be as a end result of Anadrol simultaneously growing estrogen levels whereas failing to
bind strongly to SHBG (sex hormone-binding globulin).
It additionally helps to cut back body fats by rising metabolism
and selling the breakdown of stored fat. When it involves cutting steroids,
Clenbuterol is commonly compared to Anavar. Each are known for his or her ability to promote
fats loss and enhance muscle definition.
Anavar prevents muscle breakdown, allowing you to retain hard-earned muscle mass whereas shedding body fats.
When mixed with cardio and diet, Anavar fats loss is particularly noticeable in hard-to-target areas just like
the lower stomach and thighs. Sustanon Primobolan Anavar Cycle is one other well-liked steroid cycle that is used for slicing purposes.
This cycle is ideal for individuals who wish to lose body fat and achieve a more defined physique.
The cycle sometimes lasts for eight weeks and involves
the usage of Sustanon 250, Primobolan, and Anavar.
References:
best steroid cycle for size, nemoserver.Iict.Bas.Bg,
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Anavar increases strength by growing testosterone ranges,
however more particularly due to being a DHT
spinoff. DHT derived steroids are thus very efficient at increasing muscular strength, with Anadrol and Proviron being
two other examples of this. Insulin is one other growth hormone in the physique and like cortisol,
can cause the body to retailer fats. Anavar regulates insulin ranges so they don’t rise past a sure
level; accelerating fats loss. Usually, there’s not a considerable
crash post-cycle like different steroids could cause, making it attainable to take
care of size and energy positive aspects.
Winstrol isn’t typically recommended for females, as they are often vulnerable to virilization effects from this drug.
Nonetheless, in small and cautious dosages, we’ve seen females experience high-quality outcomes
with minimal opposed results. We usually see these unwanted effects persist for
a quantity of weeks or months till endogenous (natural) testosterone levels recover.
Females sometimes solely have 5–10% of testosterone in comparability with males; nonetheless, it remains an necessary hormone for confidence, energy,
motivation, and sexual need and satisfaction. Anavar cycles
typically range from 6 to eight weeks, and users usually
follow a gradual dosage enhance at the start and a gradual
lower towards the tip to minimize side effects.
Superior users may experiment with more complex cycles, however these
must be approached with caution.
A popular cycle involves ladies customers taking Anavar over a period of 6 to 8
weeks. During this time, a dose of 5 to 10 milligrams per day is commonly
used. This relatively low dosage, combined with a shorter cycle,
minimizes the potential for undesirable side effects while offering noticeable improvements in lean muscle mass and total body composition. This cycle is commonly favored by novices
or these wishing to maintain a decrease risk profile with Anavar use.
A major use of Oxandrolone among female bodybuilders is for slicing cycles.
It helps them develop a leaner, more toned physique by decreasing body fat and retaining lean muscle mass efficiently.
Anavar can enhance the body’s metabolic price, speeding up fat loss throughout calorie-deficient periods – a priority for these on a chopping cycle.
When people generally consider steroids, they consider them in a
negative gentle, as they’ve a reputation for being dangerous.
Nevertheless, the problem lies when calories drop too low, which is when the body
can begin to burn muscle tissue. Arnold is rumoured to
be one of the great bodybuilders who used primo,
helping him to turn into the best Mr Olympia champion of all time.
Assuming you’ve obtained a beer gut that makes Steven Seagal look like an IFBB pro,
then an Anavar cycle isn’t going to do a thing for
you. However, if you’re hoping to scale back your stomach fats just a little, then var is not a bad
selection.
Anavar is usually labeled because the most secure steroid for beginners, inflicting significant fat loss and noticeable lean muscle positive
aspects. Facet results are hardly ever skilled by males or women on Anavar,
hence how it’s FDA approved in medication. Whereas the drug is
less hepatotoxic compared to different oral anabolic steroids, prolonged use and huge dosage can pose a threat to your
liver health. Regular monitoring of liver functions and well
timed breaks between cycles is crucial. Using steroids corresponding to Oxandrolone requires adherence to
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At doses wherever above 10mg per day, it’s nearly assured that ladies will begin experiencing masculine side
effects. In most instances, these unwanted effects will disappear as soon as Winstrol
is stopped. If you’re healthy and are determined to go
ahead with Winstrol, the primary purpose cycles have to be restricted to no extra than eight weeks is due to these liver toxicity risks.
Not only that, however you should wait a minimal of two months after a Winstrol cycle earlier than using some
other C17-aa steroid; this allows your liver
time to return to regular function to keep away from everlasting harm.
Nonetheless, it’s nonetheless clever to limit the
time spent stacking Winny and Anavar to quick lengths and the doses reasonable.
While Oxandrolone is usually used by feminine, the PCT process for women might differ as a end result of differences in hormone regulation. Ladies ought to seek the guidance of with a professional healthcare service for proper PCT.
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Newbies might want to think about beginning with 30 milligrams per day,
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A 10mg day by day dosage is a mild yet effective starting point for many customers.
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muscles, giving them a fuller appearance. Your vascularity will improve as your physique
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Testosterone is the hormone answerable for muscle progress and power gain.
Responsible and judicious use of Anavar is crucial to keep away from the undesirable consequences that may
end result from overdosing. Overdoing it with Anavar can result in unwanted effects ranging from hair loss to severe liver
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avoid overdosing on this compound. In the most general terms, this combination permits for elevated muscle definition and size, enhanced fat discount, and improved
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Different nations are considerably less strict regarding possessing Anavar in your
private use. The UK, Canada, Denmark, Finland, Sweden, and Norway are just some nations with
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References:
anabolic Steroids alternatives
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