Tim peneliti FKUI bersama tim Dinas Kesehatan DKI Jakarta mengungkap kematian 381 pasien dari 4.052 pasien terkonfirmasi positif COVID-19. Pasien-pasien tersebut berasal dari fasilitas kesehatan di DKI Jakarta. Penelitian ini telah dipublikasi di jurnal Acta Medica Indonesiana, sebuah jurnal bertaraf internasional Q3. Melalui penelitian ini, terungkap bahwa usia tua, pneumonia, sesak napas, dan hipertensi merupakan faktor-faktor prediktor terjadinya kematian pada pasien terkonfirmasi COVID-19.
Tim peneliti FKUI terdiri atas Dr. dr. Anna Rozaliyani, Sp.P, M.Biomed; dr. Diah Handayani, Sp.P(K); dan dr. Findra Setianingrum bekerja sama dengan dr. Ary I. Savitri dan dr. Titania N. Shelly dari Siena Clinical – Academic Research Organization; dr. Vini Ratnasari dari RSUD Pasar Rebo; dr. Romala Kuswindarti dari RSUD Ciracas; serta dr. Ngabila Salama, dr. Dwi Oktavia, dan dr. Widyastuti, MKM dari Dinas Kesehatan Provinsi DKI Jakarta.
Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa rata-rata usia pasien COVID-19 yang meninggal dunia adalah 58,2 tahun. Risiko kematian meningkat mulai usia 50 tahun ke atas dengan perbedaan signifikan dibandingkan usia di bawahnya. Dari 41,1% pasien COVID-19 dengan pneumonia, sebanyak 81,6% pasien meninggal. Batuk, demam, dan sesak napas merupakan gejala-gejala yang banyak dijumpai pada pasien-pasien ini. Walaupun begitu, gejala lain seperti malaise, nyeri kepala, nyeri tenggorokan, pilek, mual muntah, nyeri perut, dan diare tidak dapat diabaikan.
Peningkatan risiko kematian pasien COVID-19 di usia tua diduga karena sistem imun tubuh yang menurun. Akibatnya, mereka menjadi lebih rentan untuk mengalami kondisi serius dan respons pengobatan yang tidak maksimal. Pasien dengan pneumonia dan sesak napas juga sangat mungkin mencapai luaran buruk karena peluang pasien-pasien ini untuk jatuh ke dalam kondisi acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) meningkat.
Penelitian ini juga menyatakan bahwa hipertensi meningkatkan risiko kematian pasien COVID-19 sebesar dua kali lipat. Keberadaan penyakit-penyakit kardiovaskular termasuk hipertensi ternyata berkontribusi terhadap kejadian pneumonia dan gejala fatal COVID-19 lainnya. Hal ini patut menjadi perhatian mengingat hipertensi merupakan komorbiditas terbanyak yang ditemukan pada pasien COVID-19.
Dekan Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Indonesia, Prof. Dr. dr. Ari Fahrial Syam, Sp.PD-KGEH, MMB menyambut baik studi ini dan menyampaikan apresiasinya kepada para peneliti. “Hasil penelitian ini diharapkan mampu memberikan informasi, baik kepada masyarakat maupun klinisi mengenai faktor-faktor yang memengaruhi risiko kematian pasien COVID-19, serta mendorong seluruh komponen masyarakat untuk selalu bersikap waspada dan menerapkan upaya pencegahan apalagi melihat angka kematian akibat COVID-19 di Indonesia terbilang tinggi jika dibandingkan dunia,” tutur Prof. Ari
Penelitian dapat diakses dan diunduh di http://www.actamedindones.org/index.php/ijim/article/view/1525
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